Mineral dust shapes Earth’s climate by influencing sunlight, clouds, nutrient transport, and even how quickly snow melts. But ...

As demand for critical minerals continues to increase globally, the need to explore for and identify mineral resources ...

In a Penn State lab, a small cylinder of soil sits wired with sensors, slowly cooling as it mimics conditions thousands of miles away. At first, it looks unremarkable, like dirt from an average ...

Magma convection is a mechanism that greatly enhances heat transfer from mobilizable, crystal-poor magma bodies to the surrounding immobile, crystal-rich mush reservoir of Earth’s igneous systems. As ...