A Markov chain is a sequence of random variables that satisfies P(X t+1 ∣X t ,X t−1 ,…,X 1 )=P(X t+1 ∣X t ). Simply put, it is a sequence in which X t+1 depends only on X t and appears before X t−1 ...
Studies axioms, counting formulas, conditional probability, independence, random variables, continuous and discrete distribution, expectation, moment generating functions, law of large numbers, ...
Probability underpins AI, cryptography and statistics. However, as the philosopher Bertrand Russell said, “Probability is the most important concept in modern science, especially as nobody has the ...
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